Exercise1 File & Directory
1.pwd,ls,cdコマンド演習
1.現在のディレクトリ（カレントディレクトリ）を表示するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /home/student
2.カレントディレクトリをホームディレクトリ（/home/student）に変更してください。
Answer
$ cd
$ cd ~
$ cd /home/student
3.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /home/student
4.カレントディレクトリをルートディレクトリに変更してください。
Answer
$ cd /
5.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /
6.ルートディレクトリの直下に保存されているディレクトリやファイルを表示してください。
Answer
$ ls / bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
//カレントディレクトリが「/」の場合は「ls」だけでも確認できます。 $ ls bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
7.ルートディレクトリの直下にあるbinというディレクトリ内容を、現在のカレントディレクトリを変更せずに表示してください。
Answer
$ ls /bin VGAuthService glxgears nl-neightbl-list sg_unmap WebKitWebDriver glxinfo nl-pktloc-lookup sg_verify X glxinfo64 nl-qdisc-add sg_vpd Xorg gneqn nl-qdisc-delete sg_wr_mode Xvnc gnome-boxes nl-qdisc-list sg_write_buffer Xwayland gnome-calculator nl-route-add sg_write_long '[' gnome-characters nl-route-delete sg_write_same ac gnome-control-center nl-route-get sg_write_verify aconnect gnome-disk-image-mounter nl-route-list sg_write_x addr2line gnome-disks nl-rule-list sg_xcopy alias gnome-font-viewer nl-tctree-list sg_zone alsaloop gnome-help nl-util-addr sginfo alsamixer gnome-keyring nm sgm_dd alsatplg gnome-keyring-3 nm-connection-editor sgp_dd alsaunmute gnome-keyring-daemon nm-online sh amidi gnome-logs nmcli sha1hmac amixer gnome-screenshot nmtui sha1sum amuFormat.sh gnome-session nmtui-connect sha224hmac anaconda-cleanup gnome-session-custom-session nmtui-edit sha224sum anaconda-disable-nm-ibft-plugin gnome-session-inhibit nmtui-hostname sha256hmac analog gnome-session-quit nohup sha256sum aplay gnome-session-selector notify-send sha384hmac aplaymidi gnome-shell nproc sha384sum appstream-compose gnome-shell-extension-prefs nroff sha512hmac appstream-util gnome-shell-extension-tool nsenter sha512sum apropos gnome-shell-perf-tool nslookup showconsolefont ar gnome-software nsupdate showkey arch gnome-system-monitor numad showrgb arecord gnome-terminal numfmt shred arecordmidi gnome-text-editor objcopy shuf arpaname gnome-thumbnail-font objdump sim_lsmplugin as gnroff od simc_lsmplugin aseqdump gpasswd oddjob_request size aseqnet gpg open skill aserver gpg-agent openssl slabtop aspell gpg-connect-agent openvt sleep at gpg-error orc-bugreport sliceprint atq gpg-zip orca slirp4netns atrm gpg2 os-prober sndfile-resample attr gpgconf osinfo-db-export snice audit2allow gpgparsemail osinfo-db-import soelim audit2why gpgsm osinfo-db-path sort aulast gpgsplit osinfo-db-validate sotruss aulastlog gpgv osinfo-detect soundstretch ausyscall gpgv2 osinfo-install-script speak-ng authselect gpic osinfo-query speaker-test auvirt gpio-event-mon ostree speech-dispatcher awk gpio-hammer over spell axfer gprof p11-kit spice-vdagent b2sum gr2fonttest pacat split baobab grep pacmd sprof base32 grilo-test-ui-0.3 pactl sqlite3 base64 grl-inspect-0.3 padsp sscg basename grl-launch-0.3 padsp-32 ssh bash groff pam-panel-icon ssh-add bashbug grops pamon ssh-agent bashbug-64 grotty panelctl ssh-copy-id batch groups pango-list ssh-keygen bc grub2-editenv pango-view ssh-keyscan bccmd grub2-file paperconf sss_ssh_authorizedkeys bdftopcf grub2-fstest paplay sss_ssh_knownhostsproxy bg grub2-glue-efi paps start-pulseaudio-x11 blkiomon grub2-kbdcomp parec startx blkparse grub2-menulst2cfg parecord stat blkrawverify grub2-mkfont passwd states blktrace grub2-mkimage paste stdbuf bluemoon grub2-mklayout pasuspender strace bluetooth-sendto grub2-mknetdir pathchk strace-log-merge bluetoothctl grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 pax11publish strings bno_plot.py grub2-mkrelpath pbm2ppa strip boltctl grub2-mkrescue pbmtpg stty bond2team grub2-mkstandalone pchrt su bootctl grub2-script-check pdf2dsc sudo brltty grub2-syslinux2cfg pdf2ps sudoedit brltty-atb gs pdfdetach sudoreplay brltty-config gsettings pdffonts sum brltty-ctb gsettings-data-convert pdfimages sushi brltty-ktb gsf-office-thumbnailer pdfinfo symlinks brltty-lsinc gsnd pdfseparate sync brltty-trtxt gsoelim pdfsig systemctl brltty-ttb gst-inspect-1.0 pdftocairo systemd-analyze brltty-tune gst-launch-1.0 pdftohtml systemd-ask-password broadwayd gst-stats-1.0 pdftoppm systemd-cat brotli gst-typefind-1.0 pdftops systemd-cgls btattach gtar pdftotext systemd-cgtop btmon gtbl pdfunite systemd-delta btrace gtf peekfd systemd-detect-virt btrecord gtk-launch perl systemd-escape btreplay gtk-query-immodules-2.0-64 perl5.26.3 systemd-firstboot btt gtk-query-immodules-3.0-64 perldoc systemd-hwdb buildah gtk-update-icon-cache pflags systemd-inhibit bunzip2 gtroff pgrep systemd-machine-id-setup busctl gunzip pic systemd-mount bwrap gupnp-dlna-info-2.0 piconv systemd-notify bzcat gupnp-dlna-ls-profiles-2.0 pidof systemd-nspawn bzcmp gzexe pigz systemd-path bzdiff gzip pinentry systemd-resolve bzegrep hash pinentry-curses systemd-run bzfgrep hciattach pinentry-gtk systemd-socket-activate bzgrep hciconfig pinentry-gtk-2 systemd-stdio-bridge bzip2 hcidump pinfo systemd-sysusers bzip2recover hcitool ping systemd-tmpfiles bzless head pinky systemd-tty-ask-password-agent bzmore hex2hcd pip-3 systemd-umount c++filt hexdump pip-3.6 tabs ca-legacy host pip3 tac cairo-sphinx hostid pip3.6 tail cal hostname pipewire tar calibrate_ppa hostnamectl pitchplay taskset canberra-boot hunspell pkaction tbl canberra-gtk-play i386 pkcheck teamd cancel ibdev2netdev pkcon teamdctl cancel.cups ibus pkexec teamnl captoinfo ibus-daemon pkg-config tee cat ibus-setup pkgconf test catchsegv iceauth pkill test_ppa catman iconv pkla-admin-identities testlibraw cd id pkla-check-authorization tgz cd-convert idiag-socket-details pkmon tic cd-create-profile idn pkttyagent time cd-drive iecset pldd timedatectl cd-fix-profile iio_event_monitor plistutil timeout cd-iccdump iio_generic_buffer plymouth tload cd-info info pmap tmon cd-it8 infocmp pnm2ppa toe cd-paranoia infotocap pod2man top cd-read install pod2text totem cdda-player instperf pod2usage totem-video-thumbnailer celtdec051 ionice podman touch celtenc051 ipcalc post-grohtml tpm2_activatecredential centrino-decode ipcmk powernow-k8-decode tpm2_certify chacl ipcrm ppdc tpm2_create chage ipcs ppdhtml tpm2_createpolicy chardetect iptc ppdi tpm2_createprimary chattr isdv4-serial-inputattach ppdmerge tpm2_dictionarylockout chcat iso-info ppdpo tpm2_encryptdecrypt chcon iso-read pr tpm2_evictcontrol checkmodule isodebug pre-grohtml tpm2_getcap checkpolicy isodump precat tpm2_getmanufec cheese isoinfo preconv tpm2_getpubak chfn isosize preunzip tpm2_getpubek chgrp isovfy prezip tpm2_getrandom chmem ispell prezip-bin tpm2_hash chmod itstool printenv tpm2_hmac chown jimsh printf tpm2_listpersistent chrome-gnome-shell jobs prlimit tpm2_load chronyc join prtstat tpm2_loadexternal chrt jose ps tpm2_makecredential chsh journalctl ps2ascii tpm2_nvdefine chvt json_reformat ps2epsi tpm2_nvlist ciptool json_verify ps2pdf tpm2_nvread cksum kbd_mode ps2pdf12 tpm2_nvreadlock clear kbdinfo ps2pdf13 tpm2_nvrelease clevis kbdrate ps2pdf14 tpm2_nvwrite clevis-decrypt kbxutil ps2pdfwr tpm2_pcrevent clevis-decrypt-sss kdumpctl ps2ps tpm2_pcrextend clevis-decrypt-tang kernel-install ps2ps2 tpm2_pcrlist clevis-decrypt-tpm2 keyctl psfaddtable tpm2_quote clevis-encrypt-sss kill psfgettable tpm2_rc_decode clevis-encrypt-tang killall psfstriptable tpm2_readpublic clevis-encrypt-tpm2 kmod psfxtable tpm2_rsadecrypt clevis-luks-bind kvm_stat pslog tpm2_rsaencrypt clevis-luks-unbind l2ping pstree tpm2_send clevis-luks-unlock l2test pstree.x11 tpm2_sign cmp last ptaskset tpm2_startup cockpit-bridge lastb ptx tpm2_takeownership col lastcomm pulseaudio tpm2_unseal colcrt lastlog pwd tpm2_verifysignature colormgr lchfn pwdx tput colrm lchsh pwmake tr column ld pwscore tracepath comm ld.bfd pydoc-3 tracker command ld.gold pydoc3 tree compress ldd pydoc3.6 troff consolehelper less python3 true consolehelper-gtk lessecho python3.6 truncate coredumpctl lesskey python3.6m trust cp lesspipe.sh pyvenv-3 tset cpio lexgrog pyvenv-3.6 tsort cpupower libieee1284_test qemu-ga tty cronnext libinput qemu-img turbostat crontab libtar qemu-io type csplit libwacom-list-local-devices qemu-keymap tzselect csslint-0.6 link qemu-nbd ucs2any cups-calibrate linux-boot-prober qemu-pr-helper udevadm cupstestdsc linux32 qmi-firmware-update udisksctl cupstestppd linux64 qmi-network ul curl liveinst qmicli ulimit cut ln quota ulockmgr_server cvt loadkeys quotasync umask cvtsudoers loadunimap ranlib umax_pp date locale rarian-example umount db_archive localectl rarian-sk-config unalias db_checkpoint localedef rarian-sk-extract uname db_deadlock locate rarian-sk-gen-uuid uname26 db_dump logger rarian-sk-get-cl uncompress db_dump185 login rarian-sk-get-content-list unexpand db_hotbackup loginctl rarian-sk-get-extended-content-list unicode_start db_load logname rarian-sk-get-scripts unicode_stop db_log_verify look rarian-sk-install uniq db_printlog lp rarian-sk-migrate unix2dos db_recover lp.cups rarian-sk-preinstall unix2mac db_replicate lpoptions rarian-sk-rebuild unlink db_stat lpq rarian-sk-update unlz4 db_tuner lpq.cups raw unpigz db_upgrade lpr rctest unshare db_verify lpr.cups read unversioned-python dbilogstrip lprm readelf unxz dbiprof lprm.cups readlink unzip dbus-binding-tool lpstat readmult unzipsfx dbus-cleanup-sockets lpstat.cups realpath update-ca-trust dbus-daemon ls recode-sr-latin update-crypto-policies dbus-launch lsattr red update-desktop-database dbus-monitor lsblk rename update-gtk-immodules dbus-run-session lscpu renew-dummy-cert update-mime-database dbus-send lsgpio renice updatedb dbus-test-tool lsiio report-cli upower dbus-update-activation-environment lsinitrd report-gtk uptime dbus-uuidgen lsipc reporter-rhtsupport usb-devices dc lslocks reporter-upload usbhid-dump dconf lslogins rescan-scsi-bus.sh userformat dd lsmcli reset userinfo deallocvt lsmd resizecons usermount delv lsmem resolvectl userpasswd desktop-file-edit lsns rev users desktop-file-install lsof rfcomm usleep desktop-file-validate lsscsi rm utmpdump detect_ppa lsusb rmdir uuidgen df lsusb.py rnano uuidparse dfu-tool lua rngtest uz diff luac rofiles-fuse vdir diff3 luksmeta rpcbind vdo diffpp lz rpcinfo vdodmeventd dig lz4 rpm vdodumpconfig dir lz4c rpm2archive vdoforcerebuild dircolors lz4cat rpm2cpio vdoformat dirmngr lzop rpmdb vdoprepareupgrade dirmngr-client mac2unix rpmkeys vdoreadonly dirname machinectl rpmquery vdostats dmesg make-dummy-cert rpmverify verify_blkparse dnf makedb rsync vi dnf-3 man rsyslog-recover-qi.pl view dnsdomainname mandb run-parts vim domainname manpath run-with-aspell vimdiff dos2unix mapscrn runc vimtutor dracut mattrib runcon vlock driverless mbadblocks rvi vm-support du mbim-network rview vmhgfs-fuse dumpiso mbimcli rvim vmstat dumpkeys mcat rxe_cfg vmtoolsd dvcont mcd sandbox vmware-checkvm dwp mcheck sane-find-scanner vmware-guestproxycerttool easy_install-3 mclasserase satyr vmware-hgfsclient easy_install-3.6 mcomp sbcdec vmware-namespace-cmd echo mcookie sbcenc vmware-rpctool ed mcopy sbcinfo vmware-toolbox-cmd edid-decode mcpp scanimage vmware-user egrep md5sum scp vmware-user-suid-wrapper eject mdel scp-dbus-service vmware-vgauth-cmd elfedit mdeltree script vmware-vmblock-fuse encguess mdir scriptreplay vmware-xferlogs enchant-2 mdu scrollkeeper-config vncconfig enchant-lsmod-2 mesg scrollkeeper-extract vncpasswd enscript metacity scrollkeeper-gen-seriesid vstp env metacity-message scrollkeeper-get-cl w envsubst mformat scrollkeeper-get-content-list wait eog minfo scrollkeeper-get-extended-content-list wall eps2eps mkafmmap scrollkeeper-get-index-from-docpath watch eqn mkdir scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-docpath watchgnupg escputil mkfifo scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-id wavpack espeak-ng mkfontdir scrollkeeper-install wc eutp mkfontscale scrollkeeper-preinstall wdctl evince mkhybrid scrollkeeper-rebuilddb wget evince-previewer mkinitrd scrollkeeper-uninstall whatis evince-thumbnailer mkisofs scrollkeeper-update whereis evmctl mkmanifest scsi-rescan which ex mknod scsi_logging_level whiptail exempi mkrfc2734 scsi_mandat who exiv2 mktemp scsi_readcap whoami expand mlabel scsi_ready wnck-urgency-monitor expr mmc-tool scsi_satl word-list-compress factor mmcli scsi_start write fallocate mmd scsi_stop wvgain false mmount scsi_temperature wvtag fc mmove sdiff wvunpack fc-cache modulemd-validator-v1 sdptool x86_64 fc-cache-64 monitor-sensor sealert x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu-pkg-config fc-cat more secon x86_energy_perf_policy fc-conflist mount secret-tool xargs fc-list mountpoint sed xauth fc-match mousetweaks sedismod xbrlapi fc-pattern mpartition sedispol xdg-desktop-icon fc-query mpris-proxy semodule_expand xdg-desktop-menu fc-scan mrd semodule_link xdg-email fc-validate mren semodule_package xdg-icon-resource fg msgattrib semodule_unpackage xdg-mime fgconsole msgcat sendiso xdg-open fgrep msgcmp seq xdg-screensaver file msgcomm sessreg xdg-settings file-roller msgconv setarch xdg-user-dir fincore msgen setfacl xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update find msgexec setfattr xdg-user-dirs-update findmnt msgfilter setfont xdpyinfo fips-finish-install msgfmt setkeycodes xdriinfo fips-mode-setup msggrep setleds xev fipscheck msginit setmetamode xgamma fipshmac msgmerge setpriv xgettext firefox msgunfmt setsid xhost firewall-cmd msguniq setterm xinit firewall-offline-cmd mshortname setup-nsssysinit xinput flatpak mshowfat setup-nsssysinit.sh xkbcomp flatpak-bisect mtools setvtrgb xkill flatpak-coredumpctl mtoolstest setxkbmap xlsatoms flock mtype sftp xlsclients fmt mutter sg xlsfonts fold mv sg_bg_ctl xmlcatalog fonttosfnt mxtar sg_compare_and_write xmllint foomatic-rip mzip sg_copy_results xmlsec1 fprintd-delete namei sg_dd xmlwf fprintd-enroll nano sg_decode_sense xmodmap fprintd-list nautilus sg_emc_trespass xorg-x11-fonts-update-dirs fprintd-verify nautilus-autorun-software sg_format xprop free nautilus-sendto sg_get_config xrandr fribidi nc sg_get_lba_status xrdb funzip ncat sg_ident xrefresh fuse-overlayfs ndctl sg_inq xset fusermount ndptool sg_logs xsetpointer fwupdmgr nenscript sg_luns xsetroot g13 neqn sg_map xsetwacom gapplication netstat sg_map26 xsltproc gatttool newgidmap sg_modes xstdcmap gawk newgrp sg_opcodes xvinfo gcalccmd newuidmap sg_persist xwininfo gcm-calibrate nf-ct-add sg_prevent xxd gcm-import nf-ct-list sg_raw xz gcm-inspect nf-exp-add sg_rbuf xzcat gcm-picker nf-exp-delete sg_rdac xzcmp gcm-viewer nf-exp-list sg_read xzdec gconf-merge-tree nf-log sg_read_attr xzdiff gconftool-2 nf-monitor sg_read_block_limits xzegrep gcr-viewer nf-queue sg_read_buffer xzfgrep gdbm_dump ngettext sg_read_long xzgrep gdbm_load nice sg_readcap xzless gdbmtool nisdomainname sg_reassign xzmore gdbus nl sg_referrals yelp gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64 nl-addr-add sg_rep_zones yelp-build gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer nl-addr-delete sg_requests yelp-check gdmflexiserver nl-addr-list sg_reset yelp-new gedit nl-class-add sg_reset_wp yes gencat nl-class-delete sg_rmsn ypdomainname genisoimage nl-class-list sg_rtpg yum genl-ctrl-list nl-classid-lookup sg_safte zcat geqn nl-cls-add sg_sanitize zcmp getconf nl-cls-delete sg_sat_identify zdiff getent nl-cls-list sg_sat_phy_event zegrep getfacl nl-fib-lookup sg_sat_read_gplog zenity getfattr nl-link-enslave sg_sat_set_features zfgrep getkeycodes nl-link-ifindex2name sg_scan zforce getopt nl-link-list sg_seek zgrep getopts nl-link-name2ifindex sg_senddiag zip gettext nl-link-release sg_ses zipcloak gettext.sh nl-link-set sg_ses_microcode zipgrep ghostscript nl-link-stats sg_start zipinfo gio nl-list-caches sg_stpg zipnote gio-querymodules-64 nl-list-sockets sg_stream_ctl zipsplit gjs nl-monitor sg_sync zless gjs-console nl-neigh-add sg_test_rwbuf zmore gkbd-keyboard-display nl-neigh-delete sg_timestamp znew glib-compile-schemas nl-neigh-list sg_turs zsoelim
//カレントディレクトリが「/」の場合は「/」無しでも確認できます。 $ ls bin VGAuthService glxgears nl-neightbl-list sg_unmap WebKitWebDriver glxinfo nl-pktloc-lookup sg_verify X glxinfo64 nl-qdisc-add sg_vpd Xorg gneqn nl-qdisc-delete sg_wr_mode Xvnc gnome-boxes nl-qdisc-list sg_write_buffer Xwayland gnome-calculator nl-route-add sg_write_long '[' gnome-characters nl-route-delete sg_write_same ac gnome-control-center nl-route-get sg_write_verify aconnect gnome-disk-image-mounter nl-route-list sg_write_x addr2line gnome-disks nl-rule-list sg_xcopy alias gnome-font-viewer nl-tctree-list sg_zone alsaloop gnome-help nl-util-addr sginfo alsamixer gnome-keyring nm sgm_dd alsatplg gnome-keyring-3 nm-connection-editor sgp_dd alsaunmute gnome-keyring-daemon nm-online sh amidi gnome-logs nmcli sha1hmac amixer gnome-screenshot nmtui sha1sum amuFormat.sh gnome-session nmtui-connect sha224hmac anaconda-cleanup gnome-session-custom-session nmtui-edit sha224sum anaconda-disable-nm-ibft-plugin gnome-session-inhibit nmtui-hostname sha256hmac analog gnome-session-quit nohup sha256sum aplay gnome-session-selector notify-send sha384hmac aplaymidi gnome-shell nproc sha384sum appstream-compose gnome-shell-extension-prefs nroff sha512hmac appstream-util gnome-shell-extension-tool nsenter sha512sum apropos gnome-shell-perf-tool nslookup showconsolefont ar gnome-software nsupdate showkey arch gnome-system-monitor numad showrgb arecord gnome-terminal numfmt shred arecordmidi gnome-text-editor objcopy shuf arpaname gnome-thumbnail-font objdump sim_lsmplugin as gnroff od simc_lsmplugin aseqdump gpasswd oddjob_request size aseqnet gpg open skill aserver gpg-agent openssl slabtop aspell gpg-connect-agent openvt sleep at gpg-error orc-bugreport sliceprint atq gpg-zip orca slirp4netns atrm gpg2 os-prober sndfile-resample attr gpgconf osinfo-db-export snice audit2allow gpgparsemail osinfo-db-import soelim audit2why gpgsm osinfo-db-path sort aulast gpgsplit osinfo-db-validate sotruss aulastlog gpgv osinfo-detect soundstretch ausyscall gpgv2 osinfo-install-script speak-ng authselect gpic osinfo-query speaker-test auvirt gpio-event-mon ostree speech-dispatcher awk gpio-hammer over spell axfer gprof p11-kit spice-vdagent b2sum gr2fonttest pacat split baobab grep pacmd sprof base32 grilo-test-ui-0.3 pactl sqlite3 base64 grl-inspect-0.3 padsp sscg basename grl-launch-0.3 padsp-32 ssh bash groff pam-panel-icon ssh-add bashbug grops pamon ssh-agent bashbug-64 grotty panelctl ssh-copy-id batch groups pango-list ssh-keygen bc grub2-editenv pango-view ssh-keyscan bccmd grub2-file paperconf sss_ssh_authorizedkeys bdftopcf grub2-fstest paplay sss_ssh_knownhostsproxy bg grub2-glue-efi paps start-pulseaudio-x11 blkiomon grub2-kbdcomp parec startx blkparse grub2-menulst2cfg parecord stat blkrawverify grub2-mkfont passwd states blktrace grub2-mkimage paste stdbuf bluemoon grub2-mklayout pasuspender strace bluetooth-sendto grub2-mknetdir pathchk strace-log-merge bluetoothctl grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 pax11publish strings bno_plot.py grub2-mkrelpath pbm2ppa strip boltctl grub2-mkrescue pbmtpg stty bond2team grub2-mkstandalone pchrt su bootctl grub2-script-check pdf2dsc sudo brltty grub2-syslinux2cfg pdf2ps sudoedit brltty-atb gs pdfdetach sudoreplay brltty-config gsettings pdffonts sum brltty-ctb gsettings-data-convert pdfimages sushi brltty-ktb gsf-office-thumbnailer pdfinfo symlinks brltty-lsinc gsnd pdfseparate sync brltty-trtxt gsoelim pdfsig systemctl brltty-ttb gst-inspect-1.0 pdftocairo systemd-analyze brltty-tune gst-launch-1.0 pdftohtml systemd-ask-password broadwayd gst-stats-1.0 pdftoppm systemd-cat brotli gst-typefind-1.0 pdftops systemd-cgls btattach gtar pdftotext systemd-cgtop btmon gtbl pdfunite systemd-delta btrace gtf peekfd systemd-detect-virt btrecord gtk-launch perl systemd-escape btreplay gtk-query-immodules-2.0-64 perl5.26.3 systemd-firstboot btt gtk-query-immodules-3.0-64 perldoc systemd-hwdb buildah gtk-update-icon-cache pflags systemd-inhibit bunzip2 gtroff pgrep systemd-machine-id-setup busctl gunzip pic systemd-mount bwrap gupnp-dlna-info-2.0 piconv systemd-notify bzcat gupnp-dlna-ls-profiles-2.0 pidof systemd-nspawn bzcmp gzexe pigz systemd-path bzdiff gzip pinentry systemd-resolve bzegrep hash pinentry-curses systemd-run bzfgrep hciattach pinentry-gtk systemd-socket-activate bzgrep hciconfig pinentry-gtk-2 systemd-stdio-bridge bzip2 hcidump pinfo systemd-sysusers bzip2recover hcitool ping systemd-tmpfiles bzless head pinky systemd-tty-ask-password-agent bzmore hex2hcd pip-3 systemd-umount c++filt hexdump pip-3.6 tabs ca-legacy host pip3 tac cairo-sphinx hostid pip3.6 tail cal hostname pipewire tar calibrate_ppa hostnamectl pitchplay taskset canberra-boot hunspell pkaction tbl canberra-gtk-play i386 pkcheck teamd cancel ibdev2netdev pkcon teamdctl cancel.cups ibus pkexec teamnl captoinfo ibus-daemon pkg-config tee cat ibus-setup pkgconf test catchsegv iceauth pkill test_ppa catman iconv pkla-admin-identities testlibraw cd id pkla-check-authorization tgz cd-convert idiag-socket-details pkmon tic cd-create-profile idn pkttyagent time cd-drive iecset pldd timedatectl cd-fix-profile iio_event_monitor plistutil timeout cd-iccdump iio_generic_buffer plymouth tload cd-info info pmap tmon cd-it8 infocmp pnm2ppa toe cd-paranoia infotocap pod2man top cd-read install pod2text totem cdda-player instperf pod2usage totem-video-thumbnailer celtdec051 ionice podman touch celtenc051 ipcalc post-grohtml tpm2_activatecredential centrino-decode ipcmk powernow-k8-decode tpm2_certify chacl ipcrm ppdc tpm2_create chage ipcs ppdhtml tpm2_createpolicy chardetect iptc ppdi tpm2_createprimary chattr isdv4-serial-inputattach ppdmerge tpm2_dictionarylockout chcat iso-info ppdpo tpm2_encryptdecrypt chcon iso-read pr tpm2_evictcontrol checkmodule isodebug pre-grohtml tpm2_getcap checkpolicy isodump precat tpm2_getmanufec cheese isoinfo preconv tpm2_getpubak chfn isosize preunzip tpm2_getpubek chgrp isovfy prezip tpm2_getrandom chmem ispell prezip-bin tpm2_hash chmod itstool printenv tpm2_hmac chown jimsh printf tpm2_listpersistent chrome-gnome-shell jobs prlimit tpm2_load chronyc join prtstat tpm2_loadexternal chrt jose ps tpm2_makecredential chsh journalctl ps2ascii tpm2_nvdefine chvt json_reformat ps2epsi tpm2_nvlist ciptool json_verify ps2pdf tpm2_nvread cksum kbd_mode ps2pdf12 tpm2_nvreadlock clear kbdinfo ps2pdf13 tpm2_nvrelease clevis kbdrate ps2pdf14 tpm2_nvwrite clevis-decrypt kbxutil ps2pdfwr tpm2_pcrevent clevis-decrypt-sss kdumpctl ps2ps tpm2_pcrextend clevis-decrypt-tang kernel-install ps2ps2 tpm2_pcrlist clevis-decrypt-tpm2 keyctl psfaddtable tpm2_quote clevis-encrypt-sss kill psfgettable tpm2_rc_decode clevis-encrypt-tang killall psfstriptable tpm2_readpublic clevis-encrypt-tpm2 kmod psfxtable tpm2_rsadecrypt clevis-luks-bind kvm_stat pslog tpm2_rsaencrypt clevis-luks-unbind l2ping pstree tpm2_send clevis-luks-unlock l2test pstree.x11 tpm2_sign cmp last ptaskset tpm2_startup cockpit-bridge lastb ptx tpm2_takeownership col lastcomm pulseaudio tpm2_unseal colcrt lastlog pwd tpm2_verifysignature colormgr lchfn pwdx tput colrm lchsh pwmake tr column ld pwscore tracepath comm ld.bfd pydoc-3 tracker command ld.gold pydoc3 tree compress ldd pydoc3.6 troff consolehelper less python3 true consolehelper-gtk lessecho python3.6 truncate coredumpctl lesskey python3.6m trust cp lesspipe.sh pyvenv-3 tset cpio lexgrog pyvenv-3.6 tsort cpupower libieee1284_test qemu-ga tty cronnext libinput qemu-img turbostat crontab libtar qemu-io type csplit libwacom-list-local-devices qemu-keymap tzselect csslint-0.6 link qemu-nbd ucs2any cups-calibrate linux-boot-prober qemu-pr-helper udevadm cupstestdsc linux32 qmi-firmware-update udisksctl cupstestppd linux64 qmi-network ul curl liveinst qmicli ulimit cut ln quota ulockmgr_server cvt loadkeys quotasync umask cvtsudoers loadunimap ranlib umax_pp date locale rarian-example umount db_archive localectl rarian-sk-config unalias db_checkpoint localedef rarian-sk-extract uname db_deadlock locate rarian-sk-gen-uuid uname26 db_dump logger rarian-sk-get-cl uncompress db_dump185 login rarian-sk-get-content-list unexpand db_hotbackup loginctl rarian-sk-get-extended-content-list unicode_start db_load logname rarian-sk-get-scripts unicode_stop db_log_verify look rarian-sk-install uniq db_printlog lp rarian-sk-migrate unix2dos db_recover lp.cups rarian-sk-preinstall unix2mac db_replicate lpoptions rarian-sk-rebuild unlink db_stat lpq rarian-sk-update unlz4 db_tuner lpq.cups raw unpigz db_upgrade lpr rctest unshare db_verify lpr.cups read unversioned-python dbilogstrip lprm readelf unxz dbiprof lprm.cups readlink unzip dbus-binding-tool lpstat readmult unzipsfx dbus-cleanup-sockets lpstat.cups realpath update-ca-trust dbus-daemon ls recode-sr-latin update-crypto-policies dbus-launch lsattr red update-desktop-database dbus-monitor lsblk rename update-gtk-immodules dbus-run-session lscpu renew-dummy-cert update-mime-database dbus-send lsgpio renice updatedb dbus-test-tool lsiio report-cli upower dbus-update-activation-environment lsinitrd report-gtk uptime dbus-uuidgen lsipc reporter-rhtsupport usb-devices dc lslocks reporter-upload usbhid-dump dconf lslogins rescan-scsi-bus.sh userformat dd lsmcli reset userinfo deallocvt lsmd resizecons usermount delv lsmem resolvectl userpasswd desktop-file-edit lsns rev users desktop-file-install lsof rfcomm usleep desktop-file-validate lsscsi rm utmpdump detect_ppa lsusb rmdir uuidgen df lsusb.py rnano uuidparse dfu-tool lua rngtest uz diff luac rofiles-fuse vdir diff3 luksmeta rpcbind vdo diffpp lz rpcinfo vdodmeventd dig lz4 rpm vdodumpconfig dir lz4c rpm2archive vdoforcerebuild dircolors lz4cat rpm2cpio vdoformat dirmngr lzop rpmdb vdoprepareupgrade dirmngr-client mac2unix rpmkeys vdoreadonly dirname machinectl rpmquery vdostats dmesg make-dummy-cert rpmverify verify_blkparse dnf makedb rsync vi dnf-3 man rsyslog-recover-qi.pl view dnsdomainname mandb run-parts vim domainname manpath run-with-aspell vimdiff dos2unix mapscrn runc vimtutor dracut mattrib runcon vlock driverless mbadblocks rvi vm-support du mbim-network rview vmhgfs-fuse dumpiso mbimcli rvim vmstat dumpkeys mcat rxe_cfg vmtoolsd dvcont mcd sandbox vmware-checkvm dwp mcheck sane-find-scanner vmware-guestproxycerttool easy_install-3 mclasserase satyr vmware-hgfsclient easy_install-3.6 mcomp sbcdec vmware-namespace-cmd echo mcookie sbcenc vmware-rpctool ed mcopy sbcinfo vmware-toolbox-cmd edid-decode mcpp scanimage vmware-user egrep md5sum scp vmware-user-suid-wrapper eject mdel scp-dbus-service vmware-vgauth-cmd elfedit mdeltree script vmware-vmblock-fuse encguess mdir scriptreplay vmware-xferlogs enchant-2 mdu scrollkeeper-config vncconfig enchant-lsmod-2 mesg scrollkeeper-extract vncpasswd enscript metacity scrollkeeper-gen-seriesid vstp env metacity-message scrollkeeper-get-cl w envsubst mformat scrollkeeper-get-content-list wait eog minfo scrollkeeper-get-extended-content-list wall eps2eps mkafmmap scrollkeeper-get-index-from-docpath watch eqn mkdir scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-docpath watchgnupg escputil mkfifo scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-id wavpack espeak-ng mkfontdir scrollkeeper-install wc eutp mkfontscale scrollkeeper-preinstall wdctl evince mkhybrid scrollkeeper-rebuilddb wget evince-previewer mkinitrd scrollkeeper-uninstall whatis evince-thumbnailer mkisofs scrollkeeper-update whereis evmctl mkmanifest scsi-rescan which ex mknod scsi_logging_level whiptail exempi mkrfc2734 scsi_mandat who exiv2 mktemp scsi_readcap whoami expand mlabel scsi_ready wnck-urgency-monitor expr mmc-tool scsi_satl word-list-compress factor mmcli scsi_start write fallocate mmd scsi_stop wvgain false mmount scsi_temperature wvtag fc mmove sdiff wvunpack fc-cache modulemd-validator-v1 sdptool x86_64 fc-cache-64 monitor-sensor sealert x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu-pkg-config fc-cat more secon x86_energy_perf_policy fc-conflist mount secret-tool xargs fc-list mountpoint sed xauth fc-match mousetweaks sedismod xbrlapi fc-pattern mpartition sedispol xdg-desktop-icon fc-query mpris-proxy semodule_expand xdg-desktop-menu fc-scan mrd semodule_link xdg-email fc-validate mren semodule_package xdg-icon-resource fg msgattrib semodule_unpackage xdg-mime fgconsole msgcat sendiso xdg-open fgrep msgcmp seq xdg-screensaver file msgcomm sessreg xdg-settings file-roller msgconv setarch xdg-user-dir fincore msgen setfacl xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update find msgexec setfattr xdg-user-dirs-update findmnt msgfilter setfont xdpyinfo fips-finish-install msgfmt setkeycodes xdriinfo fips-mode-setup msggrep setleds xev fipscheck msginit setmetamode xgamma fipshmac msgmerge setpriv xgettext firefox msgunfmt setsid xhost firewall-cmd msguniq setterm xinit firewall-offline-cmd mshortname setup-nsssysinit xinput flatpak mshowfat setup-nsssysinit.sh xkbcomp flatpak-bisect mtools setvtrgb xkill flatpak-coredumpctl mtoolstest setxkbmap xlsatoms flock mtype sftp xlsclients fmt mutter sg xlsfonts fold mv sg_bg_ctl xmlcatalog fonttosfnt mxtar sg_compare_and_write xmllint foomatic-rip mzip sg_copy_results xmlsec1 fprintd-delete namei sg_dd xmlwf fprintd-enroll nano sg_decode_sense xmodmap fprintd-list nautilus sg_emc_trespass xorg-x11-fonts-update-dirs fprintd-verify nautilus-autorun-software sg_format xprop free nautilus-sendto sg_get_config xrandr fribidi nc sg_get_lba_status xrdb funzip ncat sg_ident xrefresh fuse-overlayfs ndctl sg_inq xset fusermount ndptool sg_logs xsetpointer fwupdmgr nenscript sg_luns xsetroot g13 neqn sg_map xsetwacom gapplication netstat sg_map26 xsltproc gatttool newgidmap sg_modes xstdcmap gawk newgrp sg_opcodes xvinfo gcalccmd newuidmap sg_persist xwininfo gcm-calibrate nf-ct-add sg_prevent xxd gcm-import nf-ct-list sg_raw xz gcm-inspect nf-exp-add sg_rbuf xzcat gcm-picker nf-exp-delete sg_rdac xzcmp gcm-viewer nf-exp-list sg_read xzdec gconf-merge-tree nf-log sg_read_attr xzdiff gconftool-2 nf-monitor sg_read_block_limits xzegrep gcr-viewer nf-queue sg_read_buffer xzfgrep gdbm_dump ngettext sg_read_long xzgrep gdbm_load nice sg_readcap xzless gdbmtool nisdomainname sg_reassign xzmore gdbus nl sg_referrals yelp gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64 nl-addr-add sg_rep_zones yelp-build gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer nl-addr-delete sg_requests yelp-check gdmflexiserver nl-addr-list sg_reset yelp-new gedit nl-class-add sg_reset_wp yes gencat nl-class-delete sg_rmsn ypdomainname genisoimage nl-class-list sg_rtpg yum genl-ctrl-list nl-classid-lookup sg_safte zcat geqn nl-cls-add sg_sanitize zcmp getconf nl-cls-delete sg_sat_identify zdiff getent nl-cls-list sg_sat_phy_event zegrep getfacl nl-fib-lookup sg_sat_read_gplog zenity getfattr nl-link-enslave sg_sat_set_features zfgrep getkeycodes nl-link-ifindex2name sg_scan zforce getopt nl-link-list sg_seek zgrep getopts nl-link-name2ifindex sg_senddiag zip gettext nl-link-release sg_ses zipcloak gettext.sh nl-link-set sg_ses_microcode zipgrep ghostscript nl-link-stats sg_start zipinfo gio nl-list-caches sg_stpg zipnote gio-querymodules-64 nl-list-sockets sg_stream_ctl zipsplit gjs nl-monitor sg_sync zless gjs-console nl-neigh-add sg_test_rwbuf zmore gkbd-keyboard-display nl-neigh-delete sg_timestamp znew glib-compile-schemas nl-neigh-list sg_turs zsoelim
2.絶対パス演習
1.カレントディレクトリをホームディレクトリ（/home/student）に変更してください。
Answer
$ cd
$ cd ~
$ cd /home/student
2.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /home/student
3.カレントディレクトリから絶対パスを指定して、ルートディレクトリの直下にあるvarディレクトリの中にあるlogディレクトリの内容を確認してください。
Answer
$ ls /var/log/ README audit btmp cups dnf.rpm.log glusterfs libvirt private secure sssd wtmp Xorg.9.log boot.log chrony dnf.librepo.log firewalld hawkey.log maillog qemu-ga speech-dispatcher swtpm anaconda boot.log-20200128 cron dnf.log gdm lastlog messages samba spooler tuned
4.カレントディレクトリから絶対パスを指定して、ルートディレクトリの直下にあるusrディレクトリの中にあるlocalディレクトリにキーボードのTabキーを利用して補完しながら移動してください。
Answer
$ cd /u[Tab]/lo[Tab] $ pwd /usr/local
5.カレントディレクトリをホームディレクトリ（/home/student）に変更してください。
Answer
$ cd
$ cd ~
$ cd /home/student
6.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /home/student
3.相対パス演習
1.カレントディレクトリを相対パスを指定して、ルートディレクトリに変更してください。
Answer
$ cd ../../
2.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /
3.カレントディレクトリを相対パスを指定して、/sys/devices/platform/powerに変更してください。
Answer
$ cd sys/devices/platform/power
4.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /sys/devices/platform/power
5.カレントディレクトリを相対パスを指定して、ルートディレクトリに変更してください。
Answer
$ cd ../../../../
6.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドを実行してください。
Answer
$ pwd /
7.カレントディレクトリから相対パスを指定して、ルートディレクトリの直下にあるvarディレクトリの中にあるlogディレクトリの内容を確認してください。
Answer
$ ls var/log README audit btmp cups dnf.rpm.log glusterfs libvirt private secure sssd wtmp Xorg.9.log boot.log chrony dnf.librepo.log firewalld hawkey.log maillog qemu-ga speech-dispatcher swtpm anaconda boot.log-20200128 cron dnf.log gdm lastlog messages samba spooler tuned
4.コマンド操作色々
これまでの復習とまだやったことのない課題があります。Webを利用し、調べながらチャレンジしてください。最初から回答を見ずに考えてみましょう。
1.カレントディレクトリを確認するコマンドは何ですか。
Answer
$ pwd
2.ホームディレクトリに移動するコマンドを3個挙げてください。
Answer
$ cd
$ cd ~
$ cd /home/student
3.実行してきたコマンドの履歴を確認するコマンドは何ですか。コマンド以外にの操作方法は何ですか。
Answer
$ history
キーボードの[↑]キーを押す
4.補完機能を利用する場合にはどのキーを必要としますか。
Answer
[Tab]キー
5.lsコマンドを1回実行して、ルートディレクトリとホームディレクトリを確認してください。
Answer
$ ls / /home /: bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var /home: student
6.カレントディレクトリの一つ上のディレクトリを相対パスで確認する場合はどうしますか。
Answer
$ ls ../
$ ls ..