1.Exercise1 systemd
1.サービスステータスの確認
1.rootユーザに変更してください。
Answer
$ su - パスワード:tokyoec #
2.chronydのサービスのステータスを確認してください。
Answer
# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor pre>
Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-02-03 20:17:49 EST; 5h 36min ago
Docs: man:chronyd(8)
man:chrony.conf(5)
Main PID: 1001 (chronyd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 23983)
Memory: 1.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
mq1001 /usr/sbin/chronyd
2月 04 00:36:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.18.174.255 online
2月 04 00:36:29 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.243.238.243 offline
2月 04 00:36:29 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 129.250.35.251 offline
2月 04 00:36:29 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 162.159.200.123 offline
2月 04 00:36:29 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.18.174.255 offline
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.243.238.243 online
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 129.250.35.251 online
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 162.159.200.123 online
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.18.174.255 online
2月 04 01:37:49 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[1001]: Selected source 133.243.238.243
//[SPACE]キーでスクロール、[q]キーを入力して終了
2.サービスの停止、開始、再起動
1.chronydのサービスを停止して、ステータス(inactive)を確認してください。
Answer
# systemctl stop chronyd
# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor pre>
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2020-02-04 01:56:50 EST; 7s ago
Docs: man:chronyd(8)
man:chrony.conf(5)
Main PID: 1001 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
2月 04 00:36:29 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 129.250.35.251 offline
2月 04 00:36:29 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 162.159.200.123 offline
2月 04 00:36:29 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.18.174.255 offline
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.243.238.243 online
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 129.250.35.251 online
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 162.159.200.123 online
2月 04 00:46:05 tokyoec.com chronyd[1001]: Source 133.18.174.255 online
2月 04 01:37:49 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[1001]: Selected source 133.243.238.243
2月 04 01:56:50 tokyo-ec.com systemd[1]: Stopping NTP client/server...
2月 04 01:56:50 tokyo-ec.com systemd[1]: Stopped NTP client/server.
//[SPACE]キーでスクロール、[q]キーを入力して終了
2.chronydのサービスを開始して、ステータス(active)を確認してください。
Answer
# systemctl start chronyd
# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor pre>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-02-04 02:00:09 EST; 3s ago
Docs: man:chronyd(8)
man:chrony.conf(5)
Process: 6233 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/chrony-helper update-daemon (code=ex>
Process: 6229 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/chronyd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUC>
Main PID: 6231 (chronyd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 23983)
Memory: 844.0K
CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
mq6231 /usr/sbin/chronyd
2月 04 02:00:09 tokyo-ec.com systemd[1]: Starting NTP client/server...
2月 04 02:00:09 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[6231]: chronyd version 3.5 starting (+CMD>
2月 04 02:00:09 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[6231]: Frequency -9.200 +/- 0.715 ppm rea>
2月 04 02:00:09 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[6231]: Using right/UTC timezone to obtain>
2月 04 02:00:09 tokyo-ec.com systemd[1]: Started NTP client/server.
//[SPACE]キーでスクロール、[q]キーを入力して終了
3.chronydのサービスを再起動して、ステータス(active)を確認してください。
Answer
# systemctl restart chronyd
# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor pre>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-02-04 02:02:01 EST; 2s ago
Docs: man:chronyd(8)
man:chrony.conf(5)
Process: 6277 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/chrony-helper update-daemon (code=ex>
Process: 6273 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/chronyd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUC>
Main PID: 6275 (chronyd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 23983)
Memory: 832.0K
CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
mq6275 /usr/sbin/chronyd
2月 04 02:02:01 tokyo-ec.com systemd[1]: Stopped NTP client/server.
2月 04 02:02:01 tokyo-ec.com systemd[1]: Starting NTP client/server...
2月 04 02:02:01 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[6275]: chronyd version 3.5 starting (+CMD>
2月 04 02:02:01 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[6275]: Frequency -9.200 +/- 0.803 ppm rea>
2月 04 02:02:01 tokyo-ec.com chronyd[6275]: Using right/UTC timezone to obtain>
2月 04 02:02:01 tokyo-ec.com systemd[1]: Started NTP client/server.
//[SPACE]キーでスクロール、[q]キーを入力して終了
3.サービスの自動起動設定
1.chronydサービスが自動起動設定になっているか確認してください。
Answer
# systemctl is-enabled chronyd enabled
2.chronydサービスが自動起動設定を無効にして、確認してください。
Answer
# systemctl disable chronyd Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service.
# systemctl is-enabled chronyd disabled
3.chronydサービスが自動起動設定を有効にして、確認してください。
Answer
# systemctl enable chronyd Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.
# systemctl is-enabled chronyd enabled
4.全サービスの確認
1.システム上のすべてのサービスユニットを一覧表示してください。
Answer
# systemctl list-units --type=service UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service alsa-state.service loaded active running Manage Sound Card State (> atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools auditd.service loaded active running Security Auditing Service avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack chronyd.service loaded active running NTP client/server colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Gener> crond.service loaded active running Command Scheduler cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus dracut-shutdown.service loaded active exited Restore /run/initramfs on> firewalld.service loaded active running firewalld - dynamic firew> gdm.service loaded active running GNOME Display Manager gssproxy.service loaded active running GSSAPI Proxy Daemon import-state.service loaded active exited Import network configurat> iscsi-shutdown.service loaded active exited Logout off all iSCSI sess> kdump.service loaded active exited Crash recovery kernel arm> kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required s> ksm.service loaded active exited Kernel Samepage Merging ksmtuned.service loaded active running Kernel Samepage Merging (> libstoragemgmt.service loaded active running libstoragemgmt plug-in se> libvirtd.service loaded active running Virtualization daemon lvm2-monitor.service loaded active exited Monitoring of LVM2 mirror> lvm2-pvscan@8:2.service loaded active exited LVM event activation on d> mcelog.service loaded active running Machine Check Exception L> ModemManager.service loaded active running Modem Manager NetworkManager-wait-online.service loaded active exited Network Manager Wait O> NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager nis-domainname.service loaded active exited Read and set NIS domainna> polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager rngd.service loaded active running Hardware RNG Entropy Gath> rpc-statd-notify.service loaded active exited Notify NFS peers of a res> rpcbind.service loaded active running RPC Bind rsyslog.service loaded active running System Logging Service rtkit-daemon.service loaded active running RealtimeKit Scheduling Po> smartd.service loaded active running Self Monitoring and Repor> sshd.service loaded active running OpenSSH server daemon sssd.service loaded active running System Security Services > systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-21594ec9\x2d7285\x2d4136\x2d9255\x2d2b7cee472e> systemd-journal-flush.service loaded active exited Flush Journal to Persiste> systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service systemd-logind.service loaded active running Login Service systemd-machined.service loaded active running Virtual Machine and Conta> systemd-random-seed.service loaded active exited Load/Save Random Seed systemd-remount-fs.service loaded active exited Remount Root and Kernel F> systemd-resolved.service loaded active running Network Name Resolution systemd-sysctl.service loaded active exited Apply Kernel Variables UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service alsa-state.service loaded active running Manage Sound Card State (> atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools auditd.service loaded active running Security Auditing Service avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack chronyd.service loaded active running NTP client/server colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Gener> crond.service loaded active running Command Scheduler cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus dracut-shutdown.service loaded active exited Restore /run/initramfs on> firewalld.service loaded active running firewalld - dynamic firew> gdm.service loaded active running GNOME Display Manager gssproxy.service loaded active running GSSAPI Proxy Daemon import-state.service loaded active exited Import network configurat> iscsi-shutdown.service loaded active exited Logout off all iSCSI sess> kdump.service loaded active exited Crash recovery kernel arm> kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required s> ksm.service loaded active exited Kernel Samepage Merging ksmtuned.service loaded active running Kernel Samepage Merging (> libstoragemgmt.service loaded active running libstoragemgmt plug-in se> libvirtd.service loaded active running Virtualization daemon lvm2-monitor.service loaded active exited Monitoring of LVM2 mirror> lvm2-pvscan@8:2.service loaded active exited LVM event activation on d> mcelog.service loaded active running Machine Check Exception L> ModemManager.service loaded active running Modem Manager NetworkManager-wait-online.service loaded active exited Network Manager Wait O> NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager nis-domainname.service loaded active exited Read and set NIS domainna> polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager rngd.service loaded active running Hardware RNG Entropy Gath> rpc-statd-notify.service loaded active exited Notify NFS peers of a res> rpcbind.service loaded active running RPC Bind rsyslog.service loaded active running System Logging Service rtkit-daemon.service loaded active running RealtimeKit Scheduling Po> smartd.service loaded active running Self Monitoring and Repor> sshd.service loaded active running OpenSSH server daemon sssd.service loaded active running System Security Services > systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-21594ec9\x2d7285\x2d4136\x2d9255\x2d2b7cee472e> systemd-journal-flush.service loaded active exited Flush Journal to Persiste> systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service systemd-logind.service loaded active running Login Service systemd-machined.service loaded active running Virtual Machine and Conta> systemd-random-seed.service loaded active exited Load/Save Random Seed systemd-remount-fs.service loaded active exited Remount Root and Kernel F> systemd-resolved.service loaded active running Network Name Resolution systemd-sysctl.service loaded active exited Apply Kernel Variables systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service loaded active exited Create Static Device N> systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service loaded active exited Create Volatile Files and> systemd-udev-settle.service loaded active exited udev Wait for Complete De> systemd-udev-trigger.service loaded active exited udev Coldplug all Devices systemd-udevd.service loaded active running udev Kernel Device Manager systemd-update-utmp.service loaded active exited Update UTMP about System > systemd-user-sessions.service loaded active exited Permit User Sessions tuned.service loaded active running Dynamic System Tuning Dae> udisks2.service loaded active running Disk Manager upower.service loaded active running Daemon for power manageme> user-runtime-dir@1000.service loaded active exited /run/user/1000 mount wrap> user-runtime-dir@42.service loaded active exited /run/user/42 mount wrapper user@1000.service loaded active running User Manager for UID 1000 user@42.service loaded active running User Manager for UID 42 vdo.service loaded active exited VDO volume services wpa_supplicant.service loaded active running WPA supplicant LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded. ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB. SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type. 63 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too. To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'. //[SPACE]キーでスクロール、[q]キーを入力して終了
2.一覧表示からchronydのみ表示してください。
Answer
# systemctl list-units --type=service | grep chronyd chronyd.service loaded active running NTP client/server
5.サービスユニットの有効化または無効化状態の確認
1.すべてのサービスユニットの有効化または無効化状態を一覧表示してください。
Answer
# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service UNIT FILE STATE accounts-daemon.service enabled alsa-restore.service static alsa-state.service static anaconda-direct.service static anaconda-nm-config.service static anaconda-noshell.service static anaconda-pre.service static anaconda-shell@.service static anaconda-sshd.service static anaconda-tmux@.service static anaconda.service static arp-ethers.service disabled atd.service enabled auditd.service enabled auth-rpcgss-module.service static autovt@.service enabled avahi-daemon.service enabled blivet.service static blk-availability.service disabled bluetooth.service enabled bolt.service static brltty.service disabled btattach-bcm@.service static canberra-system-bootup.service disabled canberra-system-shutdown-reboot.service disabled canberra-system-shutdown.service disabled chrony-dnssrv@.service static chrony-wait.service disabled chronyd.service enabled clean-mount-point@.service static cockpit-motd.service static cockpit.service static colord.service static configure-printer@.service static console-getty.service disabled container-getty@.service static cpupower.service disabled crond.service enabled cups-browsed.service disabled cups.service enabled dbus-org.bluez.service enabled dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service enabled dbus-org.freedesktop.Avahi.service enabled dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service static dbus-org.freedesktop.import1.service static dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service static dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service static dbus-org.freedesktop.machine1.service static dbus-org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.service enabled dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service enabled dbus-org.freedesktop.portable1.service static dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service enabled dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service enabled dbus.service static debug-shell.service disabled display-manager.service enabled dm-event.service static dnf-makecache.service static dnsmasq.service disabled dracut-cmdline.service static dracut-initqueue.service static dracut-mount.service static dracut-pre-mount.service static dracut-pre-pivot.service static dracut-pre-trigger.service static dracut-pre-udev.service static dracut-shutdown.service static ebtables.service disabled emergency.service static firewalld.service enabled flatpak-system-helper.service static fprintd.service static fstrim.service static fwupd-offline-update.service static fwupd.service static gdm.service enabled geoclue.service static getty@.service enabled grub-boot-indeterminate.service static gssproxy.service disabled halt-local.service static hypervfcopyd.service static hypervkvpd.service static hypervvssd.service static iio-sensor-proxy.service static import-state.service enabled initial-setup-reconfiguration.service disabled initial-setup.service disabled initrd-cleanup.service static initrd-parse-etc.service static initrd-switch-root.service static initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service static instperf.service static io.podman.service disabled iprdump.service disabled iprinit.service disabled iprupdate.service disabled irqbalance.service enabled iscsi-shutdown.service static iscsi.service enabled iscsid.service disabled iscsiuio.service disabled kdump.service enabled kmod-static-nodes.service static kpatch.service disabled ksm.service enabled ksmtuned.service enabled ldconfig.service static libstoragemgmt.service enabled libvirtd.service enabled loadmodules.service enabled lvm2-lvmpolld.service static lvm2-monitor.service enabled lvm2-pvscan@.service static man-db-cache-update.service static mcelog.service enabled mdadm-grow-continue@.service static mdadm-last-resort@.service static mdcheck_continue.service static mdcheck_start.service static mdmon@.service static mdmonitor-oneshot.service static mdmonitor.service enabled messagebus.service static microcode.service enabled mlocate-updatedb.service static ModemManager.service enabled multipathd.service enabled ndctl-monitor.service disabled netcf-transaction.service disabled NetworkManager-dispatcher.service enabled NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled NetworkManager.service enabled nfs-blkmap.service disabled nfs-convert.service enabled nfs-idmapd.service static nfs-mountd.service static nfs-server.service disabled nfs-utils.service static nftables.service disabled nis-domainname.service enabled numad.service disabled oddjobd.service disabled ostree-finalize-staged.service static ostree-prepare-root.service static ostree-remount.service disabled packagekit-offline-update.service static packagekit.service static plymouth-halt.service static plymouth-kexec.service static plymouth-poweroff.service static plymouth-quit-wait.service static plymouth-quit.service static plymouth-read-write.service static plymouth-reboot.service static plymouth-start.service static plymouth-switch-root.service static polkit.service static psacct.service disabled qemu-guest-agent.service disabled qemu-pr-helper.service static quotaon.service static radvd.service disabled ras-mc-ctl.service disabled rasdaemon.service disabled rc-local.service static rdisc.service disabled rdma-load-modules@.service static rdma-ndd.service static rdma.service disabled realmd.service static rescue.service static rngd.service enabled rpc-gssd.service static rpc-statd-notify.service static rpc-statd.service static rpcbind.service enabled rsyslog.service enabled rtkit-daemon.service enabled saslauthd.service disabled selinux-autorelabel-mark.service enabled selinux-autorelabel.service static serial-getty@.service disabled smartd.service enabled speech-dispatcherd.service disabled spice-vdagentd.service indirect sshd-keygen@.service disabled sshd.service enabled sshd@.service static sssd-autofs.service indirect sssd-kcm.service indirect sssd-nss.service indirect sssd-pac.service indirect sssd-pam.service indirect sssd-ssh.service indirect sssd-sudo.service indirect sssd.service enabled switcheroo-control.service disabled syslog.service enabled system-update-cleanup.service static systemd-ask-password-console.service static systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service static systemd-ask-password-wall.service static systemd-backlight@.service static systemd-binfmt.service static systemd-coredump@.service static systemd-exit.service static systemd-firstboot.service static systemd-fsck-root.service static systemd-fsck@.service static systemd-halt.service static systemd-hibernate-resume@.service static systemd-hibernate.service static systemd-hostnamed.service static systemd-hwdb-update.service static systemd-hybrid-sleep.service static systemd-importd.service static systemd-initctl.service static systemd-journal-catalog-update.service static systemd-journal-flush.service static systemd-journald.service static systemd-kexec.service static systemd-localed.service static systemd-logind.service static systemd-machine-id-commit.service static systemd-machined.service static systemd-modules-load.service static systemd-nspawn@.service disabled systemd-portabled.service static systemd-poweroff.service static systemd-quotacheck.service static systemd-random-seed.service static systemd-reboot.service static systemd-remount-fs.service static systemd-resolved.service enabled systemd-rfkill.service static systemd-suspend-then-hibernate.service static systemd-suspend.service static systemd-sysctl.service static systemd-sysusers.service static systemd-timedated.service masked systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service static systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service static systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service static systemd-udev-settle.service static systemd-udev-trigger.service static systemd-udevd.service static systemd-update-done.service static systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service static systemd-update-utmp.service static systemd-user-sessions.service static systemd-vconsole-setup.service static systemd-volatile-root.service static tcsd.service disabled teamd@.service static timedatex.service enabled tuned.service enabled udisks2.service enabled unbound-anchor.service static upower.service disabled usb_modeswitch@.service static usbmuxd.service static user-runtime-dir@.service static user@.service static vdo.service enabled vgauthd.service enabled virtlockd.service indirect virtlogd.service indirect vmtoolsd-init.service disabled vmtoolsd.service enabled wacom-inputattach@.service static wpa_supplicant.service disabled zram.service static 273 unit files listed. loaded active running NTP client/server //[SPACE]キーでスクロール、[q]キーを入力して終了
2.一覧表示からchronydのみ表示してください。
Answer
# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep chronyd chronyd.service enabled
3.studentユーザに戻りましょう。
Answer
# exit ログアウト $